230 What is penance?

YOUCAT Catechism + Catechism of the Catholic Church Lesson 230

Ave Maria series

230 What is penance?

Penance is making restitution or satisfaction for a wrong that has been committed.  Penance must not take place exclusively in my head; I must express it in acts of charity and in solidarity with others.  One does penance also by praying, fasting, and supporting the poor spiritually and materially.  [1434-1439]

Scripture and the Fathers insist above all on three forms, fasting, prayer, and almsgiving.” …..230

Penance is often misunderstood.  It has nothing to do with low self-esteem or scrupulosity.  Penance is not brooding over what a bad person I am.  Penance frees and encourages us to make a new start.

“After a fall, stand up again right away!  Do not leave sin in your heart for even a moment!”  St. John Vianney (1786-1859)

“God esteems repentance so highly that the slightest repentance in the world, as long as it is genuine, causes him to forget any kind of sin, so that even the devils would have all their sins forgiven if only they could have remorse.”  St. Francis of De Sales (1567-1622)

[1434-1439]

THE MANY FORMS OF PENANCE IN CHRISTIAN LIFE

1434 The interior penance of the Christian can be expressed in many and various ways. Scripture and the Fathers insist above all on three forms, fasting, prayer, and almsgiving,(compare Tobit 12:8; Matthew 6:1-18.)³¹  which express conversion in relation to oneself, to God, and to others. Alongside the radical purification brought about by Baptism or martyrdom they cite as means of obtaining forgiveness of sins: effort at reconciliation with one's neighbor, tears of repentance, concern for the salvation of one's neighbor, the intercession of the saints, and the practice of charity "which covers a multitude of sins."(1 Pet 4:8; compare James 5:20.)³²–Catechism of the Catholic Church

1435  Conversion is accomplished in daily life by gestures of reconciliation, concern for the poor, the exercise and defense of justice and right,(compare Amos 5:24; Isaiah 1:17.)³³by the admission of faults to one's brethren, fraternal correction, revision of life, examination of conscience, spiritual direction, acceptance of suffering, endurance of persecution for the sake of righteousness. Taking up one's cross each day and following Jesus is the surest way of penance.(compare Luke 9:23.)³⁴--CCC

1436  Eucharist and Penance.Daily conversion and penance find their source and nourishment in the Eucharist, for in it is made present the sacrifice of Christ which has reconciled us with God. Through the Eucharist those who live from the life of Christ are fed and strengthened. "It is a remedy to free us from our daily faults and to preserve us from mortal sins."(Council Of Trent (1551): Denzinger-Schönmetzer 1638.)³⁵–CCC

1437  Reading Sacred Scripture, praying the Liturgy of the Hours and the Our Father - every sincere act of worship or devotion revives the spirit of conversion and repentance within us and contributes to the forgiveness of our sins. --CCC

1438  The seasons and days of penance in the course of the liturgical year (Lent, and each Friday in memory of the death of the Lord) are intense moments of the Church's penitential practice.(compare Sacrosanctum Concilium 109-110; Codex Iuris Canonici, cann. 1249-1253; Corpus Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium, Cann. 880-883.)³⁶  These times are particularly appropriate for spiritual exercises, penitential liturgies, pilgrimages as signs of penance, voluntary self-denial such as fasting and almsgiving, and fraternal sharing (charitable and missionary works). --CCC

1439 The process of conversion and repentance was described by Jesus in the parable of the prodigal son, the center of which is the merciful father(compare Luke 15:11-24.)³⁷; the fascination of illusory freedom; the abandonment of the father's house; the extreme misery in which the son finds himself after squandering his fortune; his deep humiliation at finding himself obliged to feed swine; and still worse, at wanting to feed on the husks the pigs ate; his reflection on all he has lost; his repentance and decision to declare himself guilty before his father; the journey back; the father's generous welcome; the father's joy - all these are characteristic of the process of conversion. The beautiful robe, the ring, and the festive banquet are symbols of that new life - pure worthy, and joyful - of anyone who returns to God and to the bosom of his family, which is the Church. Only the heart of Christ who knows the depths of his Father's love could reveal to us the abyss of his mercy in so simple and beautiful a way. –CCC

JT  Prayer-Fasting