Sunday, April 30, 2017

294 PASSIONS ORDERED TO THE GOOD BECOME VIRTUES

YOUCAT Lesson 294
YOUCAT the catechism for Catholic youth

294  Is someone a sinner if he experiences strong passions within himself?

No, passions can be very valuable.  They are designed to lead to and reinforce good actions; only when they are disordered do the passions contribute to evil.  [1767-1770, 1773-1775]



Painting: …..Jesus’ agony in the Garden of Gethsemane.  …..”From all My wounds, like from streams, mercy flows for souls, but the wound in My Heart is the fountain of unfathomable mercy.  From this fountain spring all graces for souls.  The flames of compassion burn Me.  I desire greatly to pour them out upon souls.  Speak to the whole world about My mercy.” –Diary, #1190, St. Maria Faustina Kowalska …..294





Passions that are ordered to the good become virtues.  They then become the motive force of a life of fighting for love and justice.  Passions that overpower a person rob him of his freedom and entice him to evil, we call vice.  396

 “Virtue is what one does passionately; vice is what one cannot stop doing because of passion.”   St. Augustine (354-430)


1767-1770, 1773-1775

II. PASSIONS AND MORAL LIFE


…….1767   In themselves passions are neither good nor evil. They are morally qualified only to the extent that they effectively engage reason and will. Passions are said to be voluntary, "either because they are commanded by the will or because the will does not place obstacles in their way."( St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae I-II,24,1 corp. art.)44 It belongs to the perfection of the moral or human good that the passions be governed by reason.( Cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II,24,3.)45 –CCC

…….1768   Strong feelings are not decisive for the morality or the holiness of persons; they are simply the inexhaustible reservoir of images and affections in which the moral life is expressed. Passions are morally good when they contribute to a good action, evil in the opposite case. The upright will orders the movements of the senses it appropriates to the good and to beatitude; an evil will succumbs to disordered passions and exacerbates them. Emotions and feelings can be taken up into the virtues or perverted by the vices. --CCC

…….1769   In the Christian life, the Holy Spirit himself accomplishes his work by mobilizing the whole being, with all its sorrows, fears and sadness, as is visible in the Lord's agony and passion. In Christ human feelings are able to reach their consummation in charity and divine beatitude. --CCC

…….1770   Moral perfection consists in man's being moved to the good not by his will alone, but also by his sensitive appetite, as in the words of the psalm: "My heart and flesh sing for joy to the living God."( Psalm 84:2.)46 –CCC


IN BRIEF

…….1773   In the passions, as movements of the sensitive appetite, there is neither moral good nor evil. But insofar as they engage reason and will, there is moral good or evil in them. --CCC

…….1774   Emotions and feelings can be taken up in the virtues or perverted by the vices. –CCC

…….1775   The perfection of the moral good consists in man's being moved to the good not only by his will but also by his "heart." --CCC


Saturday, April 29, 2017

Third Sunday of Easter, April 30, 2017



On the Road to Emmaus:  …..Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them what referred to him in all the Scriptures.

Third Sunday of Easter, April 30, 2017
Lectionary: 46

Reading 1 ACTS 2:14, 22-33

Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, raised his voice, and proclaimed: "You who are Jews, indeed all of you staying in Jerusalem.  Let this be known to you, and listen to my words.  You who are Israelites, hear these words.  Jesus the Nazarene was a man commended to you by God with mighty deeds, wonders, and signs, which God worked through him in your midst, as you yourselves know.  This man, delivered up by the set plan and foreknowledge of God, you killed, using lawless men to crucify him.  But God raised him   up, releasing him from the throes of death, because it was impossible for him to be held by it.  For David says of him:


I saw the Lord ever before me,
with him at my right hand I shall not be disturbed.
Therefore my heart has been glad and my tongue has exulted;
my flesh, too, will dwell in hope, 
because you will not abandon my soul to the netherworld,
nor will you suffer your holy one to see corruption.
You have made known to me the paths of life;
you will fill me with joy in your presence.

"My brothers, one can confidently say to you about the patriarch David that he died and was buried, and his tomb is in our midst to this day.  But since he was a prophet and knew that God had sworn an oath to him that he would set one of his descendants upon his throne, he foresaw and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was he abandoned to the netherworld nor did his flesh see corruption.  God raised this Jesus; of this we are all witnesses.  Exalted at the right hand of God, he received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father and poured him forth, as you see and hear."

Responsorial Psalm PS 16:1-2, 5, 7-8, 9-10, 11

R. (11a) Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Keep me, O God, for in you I take refuge;
I say to the LORD, "My Lord are you."
O LORD, my allotted portion and my cup,
you it is who hold fast my lot.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
I bless the LORD who counsels me;
even in the night my heart exhorts me.
I set the LORD ever before me;
with him at my right hand I shall not be disturbed.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Therefore my heart is glad and my soul rejoices, 
my body, too, abides in confidence;
because you will not abandon my soul to the netherworld,
nor will you suffer your faithful one to undergo corruption.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
You will show me the path to life,
abounding joy in your presence,
the delights at your right hand forever.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.

Reading 2 1 PT 1:17-21

Beloved:
If you invoke as Father him who judges impartially according to each one's works, conduct yourselves with reverence during the time of your sojourning, realizing that you were ransomed from your futile conduct, handed on by your ancestors, not with perishable things like silver or gold but with the precious blood of Christ as of a spotless unblemished lamb.

He was known before the foundation of the world but revealed in the final time for you, who through him believe in God who raised him from the dead and gave him glory,so that your faith and hope are in God.

Alleluia CF. LK 24:32
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Lord Jesus, open the Scriptures to us;
make our hearts burn while you speak to us.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.

Gospel LK 24:13-35

That very day, the first day of the week, two of Jesus' disciples were going t0 a village seven miles from Jerusalem called Emmaus, and they were conversing about all the things that had occurred.  And it happened that while they were conversing and debating, Jesus himself drew near and walked with them,
but their eyes were prevented from recognizing him.  He asked them, "What are you discussing as you walk along?"  They stopped, looking downcast.  One of them, named Cleopas, said to him in reply, "Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem who does not know of the things that have taken place there in these days?"  And he replied to them, "What sort of things?"  They said to him, "The things that happened to Jesus the Nazarene, who was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people, how our chief priests and rulers both handed him over to a sentence of death and crucified him.  But we were hoping that he would be the one to redeem Israel; and besides all this, it is now the third day since this took place.  Some women from our group, however, have astounded us: they were at the tomb early in the morning and did not find his body; they came back and reported that they had indeed seen a vision of angels who announced that he was alive.  Then some of those with us went to the tomb and found things just as the women had described, but him they did not see."  And he said to them, "Oh, how foolish you are!  How slow of heart to believe all that the prophets spoke!  Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?"  Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them what referred to him in all the Scriptures.  As they approached the village to which they were going, he gave the impression that he was going on farther.  But they urged him, "Stay with us, for it is nearly evening and the day is almost over."  So he went in to stay with them.  And it happened that, while he was with them at table, he took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and gave it to them.  With that their eyes were opened and they recognized him, but he vanished from their sight.  Then they said to each other, "Were not our hearts burning within us while he spoke to us on the way and opened the Scriptures to us?"  So they set out at once and returned to Jerusalem where they found gathered together the eleven and those with them who were saying, "The Lord has truly been raised and has appeared to Simon!"  Then the two recounted what had taken place on the way and how he was made known to them in the breaking of bread.


Friday, April 28, 2017

293 PASSIONS AND EMOTIONS

YOUCAT Lesson 293
YOUCAT the catechism for Catholic youth

293  Why did God give us “passions” or emotions?

We have passions so that through strong emotions and distinct feelings we might be attracted to what is right and good and repelled from what is evil and bad.  [1762-1766, 1771-1772]





A Passion painting: …..Flagellation of Christ by Rubens.  “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him might not perish but might have eternal life.John 3:16. …293









God made man in such a way that he can love and hate, desire or despise something, be attracted by some things and afraid of others, be full of joy, sorrow, or anger.  In the depths of his heart man always loves good and hates evil—or what he considers to be such.

“There is good without evil, but there is nothing evil without good.”  St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

1762-1766, 1771-1772

 THE DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
 ARTICLE 5
THE MORALITY OF THE PASSIONS
 …….1762   The human person is ordered to beatitude by his deliberate acts: the passions or feelings he experiences can dispose him to it and contribute to it. –Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition

1.  PASSIONS
…….1763   The term "passions" belongs to the Christian patrimony. Feelings or passions are emotions or movements of the sensitive appetite that incline us to act or not to act in regard to something felt or imagined to be good or evil. –CCC
 …….1764   The passions are natural components of the human psyche; they form the passageway and ensure the connection between the life of the senses and the life of the mind. Our Lord called man's heart the source from which the passions spring.( Compare Mark 7:21.)40 –CCC
 …….1765   There are many passions. The most fundamental passion is love, aroused by the attraction of the good. Love causes a desire for the absent good and the hope of obtaining it; this movement finds completion in the pleasure and joy of the good possessed. The apprehension of evil causes hatred, aversion, and fear of the impending evil; this movement ends in sadness at some present evil, or in the anger that resists it. –CCC
 …….1766   "To love is to will the good of another."( St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae I-II,26 4, corp. art.)41 All other affections have their source in this first movement of the human heart toward the good. Only the good can be loved.( Compare St. Augustine, De Trin., 8,3,4:Patrologia Latina 42,949-950.)42 Passions "are evil if love is evil and good if it is good."  (St. Augustine, De civ. Dei 14,7,2:Patrologia Latina 41,410. )43 –CCC

IN BRIEF
 …….1771   The term "passions" refers to the affections or the feelings. By his emotions man intuits the good and suspects evil. –CCC
 …….1772   The principal passions are love and hatred, desire and fear, joy, sadness, and anger. –CCC



Thursday, April 27, 2017

292 THE END DOES NOT JUSTIFY THE MEANS

YOUCAT Lesson 292
YOUCAT the catechism for Catholic youth

292  May we do something bad so that good can result from it?


No, we may never deliberately do something evil or tolerate an evil so that good can result from it.  Sometimes there is no other course of action but to tolerate a lesser evil in order to prevent a greater evil.  [1755-1756, 1759-1761]



…….Photo above: …..A woman folds her hands in prayer after receiving Communion.   CNS photo by Nancy Wiechec. …..292 






The end does not justify the means.  It cannot be right to commit infidelity so as to stabilize one’s marriage.  It is just as wrong to use embryos for stem cell research, even if one thereby could make medical breakthroughs.  It is wrong to try to “help” a rape victim by aborting her child.

“If a man is truly to will what is good, he must be willing to do everything for that good or be willing to suffer anything for that good.”  Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

God is with the company of the just. -- Psalm 14:5b


1755-1756, 1759-1761

II. GOOD ACTS AND EVIL ACTS

…….1755   A morally good act requires the goodness of the object, of the end, and of the circumstances together. An evil end corrupts the action, even if the object is good in itself (such as praying and fasting "in order to be seen by men"). 

The object of the choice can by itself vitiate an act in its entirety. There are some concrete acts - such as fornication - that it is always wrong to choose, because choosing them entails a disorder of the will, that is, a moral evil. –Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition

  …….1756 It is therefore an error to judge the morality of human acts by considering only the intention that inspires them or the circumstances (environment, social pressure, duress or emergency, etc.) which supply their context. There are acts which, in and of themselves, independently of circumstances and intentions, are always gravely illicit by reason of their object; such as blasphemy and perjury, murder and adultery. One may not do evil so that good may result from it. –CCC


IN BRIEF

…….1759   "An evil action cannot be justified by reference to a good intention" (cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, Dec. praec. 6). The end does not justify the means. –CCC

…….1760   A morally good act requires the goodness of its object, of its end, and of its circumstances together. –CCC

…….1761   There are concrete acts that it is always wrong to choose, because their choice entails a disorder of the will, i.e., a moral evil. One may not do evil so that good may result from it. --CCC